To set up a solar system and supply the required electricity from the sun, we need the following components:
1- Solar panel
2. Charging the controller
3-Battery
4. Inverter
Solar panel: Solar panels or solar panels are formed by the juxtaposition of solar cells that are made of semiconductors and are converted to Solar Energy Used to electricity.
The amount of energy produced by these plates depends on their dimensions and manufacturing technology. Also, several plates can be used to obtain more energy.
How it works: If the battery is connected directly to the panel, its life will be reduced, unless the output current by the PV panels is equal to 1.5% of the allowable battery current or less. The charge controller has the following functions:
1. Check the battery voltage and whenever Battery voltage Too much stops the charging current.
2. More Controllers When the voltage reaches a set limit, they can be easily opened or the current between the battery and the PV is restricted and returned to the circuit when the battery voltage drops. The limit voltage is adjustable in some controllers and in some The other is preset by the manufacturer.
3. The controller also prevents reverse current at night. Reverse current is the amount of current that passes through the panel in the opposite direction at night and discharges the battery. But this wasted power can be ignored. The case for large PV systems is noticeable. Almost all controllers control this current automatically.
Batteries: Batteries store electrical energy chemically. In photovoltaic systems, batteries are responsible for support during the night and on cloudy days. Because the output power Photovoltaic plates Variable throughout the day, a storage battery can be a relatively stable source of power generation. To compensate for changes in light reflected on the screens. Another advantage of using batteries in solar systems is the supply current of electric motors.
Types of batteries used in photovoltaic systems:
Lead-acid battery
Lithium-ion battery
Nickel-cadmium battery
Nickel-iron battery
Nickel metal hydride battery
Nickel-zinc battery
Sodium-ion battery