Water pressure gauge (water manometer) is a tool for measuring pressure that shows the water pressure in a system. It is a calibrated pressure indicator that is connected to a water pipe or tank and converts the force applied to it into units such as Pascal, load, net, etc. Pressure gauges are very valuable devices in home, commercial and industrial applications. They are easy to use, durable, require little maintenance and are durable. They are practical and provide on-site pressure measurements, which is vital information for various water applications.
Water pressure in a system can be constant or dynamic. The static pressure is uniform in every direction and it is the constant pressure in the water system that does not move. Dynamic pressure is the additional pressure caused by the direction of fluid flow. Dynamic pressure has little effect on surfaces parallel to the flow direction, but helps to measure the flow velocity and indicates the working pressure of the water system. Dynamic pressure is a measure of differential pressure. Water pressure gauge “Gauge” water pressure is measured by a system. The pressure gauge is the absolute pressure minus the atmospheric pressure, while the absolute pressure is referred to as zero against a complete vacuum. The amount of atmospheric pressure in the area where the water pressure gauge is installed affects the measurement of the “gauge”.
Bordon tube performance
Pressure gauges have been used for over a hundred years. Therefore, there are several methods and mechanisms for measuring water pressure. Each method with its different characteristics of pressure range, sensitivity and response speed has its advantages and disadvantages. The most common is the Bourdon pressure gauge , which is discussed in this article. There are other types of pressure gauges, such as jumper, diaphragm, magnetic connection, etc., but they are not common.
Figure above: Bourdon tube: inlet tube (A), socket block (B), fixed end of Bourdon tube (C), movable end of Bourdon tube (D), axial and axial base (E), section gear (F), indicator needle (G)
A Bourdon pressure gauge is a mechanical device that measures and displays pressure in a system. It uses the principle that when liquid pressure enters the tube, the cross-sectional area of the tube becomes more circular and flattens the tube. Depending on the functionality and elastic range of the material, the cross-sectional change may not be significant. This small change can be magnified by forming a spiral or C-shaped tube that flattens due to the pressure of the tube. When the liquid pressure disappears, the tube returns to its normal state.
The water manometer is connected to a water system, like a pipe, the fluid enters the measuring device in the inlet pipe (A). The inlet pipe is held by a socket block (B), which also holds the machine to the process line. Fluid pressure flows to the fixed end of the Bourdon tube (C). The pressure is transmitted through Figure C to the movable end of the Bourdon tube (D). This pressure forces the C shape to flatten. At the movable end of the Bourdon tube, an axial base (E) connects the right-hand drive to the gear (F). The gear system amplifies the motion at the movable end of the Bourdon tube so that very little pressure change results in significant motion of the marker needle (G). The marker moves in a circular path, usually from left to right, on a calibrated scale.
Selection criteria
There are several things to consider when choosing the right water pressure gauge for your application. Below we look at the most important parameters.
Measurement range: Water pressure measurement is selected primarily based on the working pressure range of the process. The range is defined from 0 to the maximum pressure (pressure gauge) and is displayed on the indicator scale. The selected measurement range partly defines the scale division. The scale division is the unit change size that can be read from the index. When selecting a pressure gauge, select the maximum pressure closest and most appropriate for your application. A pressure gauge with a maximum pressure range that is too large for use will be incorrect in the measurement.
Accuracy: Depending on the exact measurement of your application, make sure that the accuracy of the water pressure measurement is high enough to prevent misreading when observing small pressure changes. Remember that the choice of your measurement range indirectly affects accuracy.
Connection size, type and location: There are different connection sizes for measuring water pressure. Dimensions are usually measured in inches. Selecting the connection size is essential when the pipe is relatively small or there is a pressure gauge socket. The type of connection is more important than the size. It is quite common to have a cylindrical connection with an external thread, which allows easy replacement. The connection can be below, above or behind the gauge. Your application space needs may affect the connection location.
Maximum operating temperature: Most barometers operate in the maximum temperature range of 60 to 80 degrees Celsius. There is a special water pressure gauge for high temperature applications.
Unit of measure: There are different units of pressure (Pascal, load, atmosphere, Torr, Psi). Most water pressure gauges have two units on the indicator. Mark the unit you are most comfortable with to select the version.
IP protection: IP code is important, especially if you use a manometer in a dusty, condensing, or water-spraying environment. A higher IP rating will also mean a higher cost meter.
Digital reading: There is an option to digitally display the measured water pressure. If this meets your needs, consider and remember that it needs power. However, most water gauges have a dial indicator and do not require external power to operate.
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