What is a sensor?
sensor It is a sensing element that converts physical quantities such as pressure, heat, humidity, temperature, and به into continuous (analog) or discontinuous (digital) electrical quantities. These sensors are used in a variety of measuring devices, analog and digital control systems such as PLC. Sensors performance and Connectivity They are integrated into various devices, including PLCs, making the sensor an integral part of the automatic control device. The sensors send various information about the status of the moving parts of the system to the control unit and change the performance status of the devices.
Types of sensors and their applications:
- Contactless sensors 2. Application of sensors 3. Advantages of contactless sensors 4.Induction sensors 5. Basics of work and construction of induction sensors 6. How to install induction sensors 7. Three-stage obstacle detection sensor (wall) with super-sensitivity, infrared 8. Examination of a sample of absolute angle position sensor 9. Production of sugar measuring sensor Blood with nanotechnology in the country
Contactless sensors: Contactless sensors are sensors that sense and activate the presence of a piece when approached. This action, as shown in the figure below, can attract a relay,Contactor Or send an electrical signal to the input floor of a system.
Application of sensors : 1. Production count: Induction, capacitive and optical sensors 2. Fabric motion control and ن Optical and capacitive sensors 3. Tank level control: Optical, capacitive and capacitive sensors Surface control 4. Sheet rupture detection: Optical sensor 5. Control Fabric Deviation: Optical and Capacitive Sensor 6. Traffic Control: Optical Sensor 7. Speed Measurement: Induction and Capacitive Sensor 8. Part Distance Measurement: Analog Induction Sensor
Advantages of contactless sensors High switching speed :
Sensors have a high switching speed compared to mechanical switches, so that some of them (speed induction sensor) operate with switching speeds up to 25 KHz. Long service life: due to lack of mechanical contact and lack of penetration of water, oil, dust and have a long service life. No need for force and pressure: Due to the function of the sensor when approaching the part, no force and pressure is required. Can be used in different environments with harsh conditions: Sensors can be used in environments with high pressure, high temperature, acidic, oily, water and.. No noise during switching: Due to the use of semiconductors in the output floor, no annoying noise is generated.
Induction sensors :
Fluorescent sensor or sensor or sensor current a fluid is a device that senses the amount of fluid flowing. Flowmeters and flow meters are based on flow sensors to record fluid flow. Some flow sensors include blades that rotate as the fluid flows, and in others, fluid motion causes a potentiometer or similar device to rotate. In fluid flow microsensors or flow microsensor, the movement of the fluid causes a change in temperature in the sensor body and the detection of the amount of fluid movement in these microfluorescents is based on heat transfer. In fact, these sensors are among the sensors called speedometers, except that they measure the speed of the fluid that passes through them. To measure the displacement or flow of gases, interferometric methods based on measuring wavelength are usually used, which is much more complicated than measuring the flow of liquids. Other methods of measuring the flow of liquids include the Doppler, the Effect, and the Magnetic Flowmeters. The unit of measurement of flow is the unit of volume per unit of time or the unit of mass per unit of time, for example, cubic meters per second or kilograms per second. It should be noted that there are two types of fluid flow: volumetric flow and mass flow, the first of which is measured in units of volume per time and the latter in units of mass per time. In addition to the water companies that make the most use of flowmeters, flowmeters have many applications in other industries, including medicine. The lungs of patients with shortness of breath and asthma are checked by microflowers. In addition to the water companies that make the most use of flowmeters, flowmeters have many applications in other industries, including medicine. The lungs of patients with shortness of breath and asthma are checked by microflowers. In addition to the water companies that make the most use of flowmeters, flowmeters have many applications in other industries, including medicine. The lungs of patients with shortness of breath and asthma are checked by microflowers.
In this type of flow sensor, a floating object is placed inside a calibrated cylinder. The patient’s lung flow is measured by moving a floating object inside a cylinder, which is usually filled with fluid. Flowmeters are also used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Sharp sensor
Introducing the Sharp Optical Rangefinder Sensor Over the years, Sharp has introduced a family of infrared sensors. These sensors benefit from small packaging, very low consumption and various outputs. This text is an overview of the different types, information about how to deal with them and tips on these sensors. If you are looking for a simple comparison of Sharp sensors, you can skip the following sections to the “Select a sensor” section. Operation theory With the introduction of the Sharp GP2DXX series of sensors, a new approach has been introduced that not only increases the range of object detection compared to the previous method, but also provides us with range detection information for GP2D12, GP2D120 and GP2DY0A sensors. Put. These rangefinders offer more freedom than ambient light conditions due to new distance measurement methods. These new rangefinders all use triangulation and smaller CCD linear arrangements to calculate the distance and / or presence of objects in the field of view. The basic idea is this: a pulse of IR light is emitted by the emitter. This light is transmitted in the field of view, either hitting the object or continuing its path. In the absence of an obstacle (object), light is never reflected and no suffering is shown. If light is reflected from an object, it returns to the sensor and forms a triangle between the point of reflection, the emitter, and the sensor.
humidity sensor
Direct measurement of the water content of liquids and solids is very difficult because it is seldom possible to measure the water content of a product as a separate measurement. In solids this amount is easily obtained by weighing the product, drying it and then re-weighing it. However, there are a number of sources of error associated with this method, such as probe breakdown, drying time, and type of water bond. Reliable measurement systems have long existed to determine the amount of moisture. This includes mechanical methods such as a hair hygrometer, a psychrometer, and a LiCl moisture detector in which surface resistance is measured. An AC voltage is applied to electrode number 3. This causes a stream to flow through the LiCl and heat the LiCl solution. As a result, water evaporates from the solution. Soon all the water evaporates, guided and with it current We degrade rapidly between the electrodes and the temperature drops.hygroscopicity LiCl is now able to absorb water from the air. Its conductivity increases and the flow re-evaporates the water. In this method, the temperature uses itself in a state of equilibrium between the electric power and regulates the heat energy required for evaporation. This equilibrium depends exclusively on the vapor pressure of the surrounding air and is therefore a measure of absolute humidity. The temperature in equilibrium is recorded by measuring resistance (1) and then acts as an electrical quantity. It is possible to measure relative humidity of 15-90% at 0-60 ° C. Response time is in minutes. The technical significance of these classic detectors today, which are chip-reducing sensors, is faster and sometimes much more accurate. There are three development methods. Changes in resistance, especially surface resistance, are the basis of a type of sensor. This includes ceramic hygrometers, which also use surface adsorption of water on the inner surface of porous, porous ceramics made of sintered powder. The ceramics used are ZnCr2O-LiZnVO4, MgCr2O4-TiO2-V2O5 and perovskite. Sensors made of MgCr2O4-TiO4 are used commercially in microwave ovens. They have a response time of about 20S and a moisture content of about 30-30%. Other sensors based on resistance include sulfated polystyrene or carbon powder suspended in gelatin cellulose. The surface conductivity of these sensors changes when they absorb water. Materials such as LiF / Al2O3 compounds, zirconium phosphates and silicates, polycyclooxanes with hydrophilic groups, and certain polymers are suitable for this type of sensor. Other sensors based on resistance include sulfated polystyrene or carbon powder suspended in gelatin cellulose. The surface conductivity of these sensors changes when they absorb water. Materials such as LiF / Al2O3 compounds, zirconium phosphates and silicates, polycyclooxanes with hydrophilic groups, and certain polymers are suitable for this type of sensor. Other sensors based on resistance include sulfated polystyrene or carbon powder suspended in gelatin cellulose. The surface conductivity of these sensors changes when they absorb water. Materials such as LiF / Al2O3 compounds, zirconium phosphates and silicates, polycyclooxanes with hydrophilic groups, and certain polymers are suitable for this type of sensor.